In the 1960's, young people questioned America's materialism and cultural and political norms, much as they've always done.  Seeking a better world, some used music, politics, and alternative lifestyles to create what came to be known as the hippies’ counterculture. The hippies’ solutions to the problems of institutionalized American society were to either participate in mass protests with their alternative lifestyles and radical beliefs or drop out of society completely. Americans in that era faced many controversial issues-from civil rights, the Vietnam War, nuclear arms, and the environment to drug use, sexual freedom, and nonconformity.(lisa law,pp1)

The origin of hippies ‘ history can be traced back to period of beat generation and the invention of a psychedelic drug known to be LSD(Lysergic acid diethylamide) which played an important role in the birth and growth of hippies movement across the states. Beat generation represented a group of American writers who did experimentation with drugs and alternative forms of sexuality. They were inspired by the love of the eastern religions and spirituality and hatred for materialism. Their writings were mostly focused on obscenity and liberation of the youth from the conventional way of living which ultimately made them into youth cultural heroes.

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Introduction:

With its growing and frequent usage the word ‘Globalization’ has now become quite a buzzword in our contemporary socio-political and academic debate. But this word was not familiar two or three decades ago as it is now. Although the process of globalization can be traced back to many centuries but the speed at which it started to spread can be attributed to advancement in global economy and interconnectivity across and within countries: which is very recent. The boom of the financial institutions (IMF, World Bank etc.) and monetary and market system together with technological rise (internet, cell phones etc.) has created a paradigm shift throughout the course of every individual’s life. It has affected almost every realm of human understanding of the world. Furthermore, transnational social-activisms have taken a new turn conceiving the contemporary world view. Collective actions have now become more systematic than ever before. Keeping the affects of globalization in mind, this discussion mainly focuses on the transformation of contemporary social movements to new dimensions and to give a possible explanation for this shift. It proceeds with giving a general overview of major theories of globalization in order to fully grasp the very commonly used word ‘globalization’ and later on its relation with social movements.

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God delusion is a documentary recently presented by “Clinton Richard Dawkins (born 26 March 1941) who is a British Ethologist, evolutionary biologist and popular science author”¹. Dawkins has given up Religion and belief in supernatural creator in his early childhood. At the same time he is so influenced by Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution and natural selection that he has dedicated his life to convert all human beings to atheism. Because he thinks “Evolution is a fact”² and in order spread this fact he has written many books and this documentary is also based on his book entitled “the God delusion”.

This documentary depicts Dawkins’ everlasting hatred about religion. Dawkins’ hatred is strange because most of the scientists are agnostic i.e. who are skeptic about god, considering the limitations of science but Dawkins goes one step further and denies  the existence of God and tries his best to make use of logos. In his opinion science and religion are completely different schools of thought and most probably opposite of each other. According to him science is a well established knowledge and follows some logical physical laws that human mind can accept without arguing while religion is a mixture of unverified myths of Bronze Age which is strengthened by the sheer course of time.

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Prostitution is “the world’s oldest profession”¹. Though never encouraged, still it has made its routes to the 21^st century. Its prolonged history depicts its intrinsic feature to be the integral part of human behavior. Nevertheless, it has always been the subject of subversion but statistically no major success has been achieved. It is due to the reason that it follows the principle of willingness to sell and demand. Which is the basis of an ideal business but unfortunately whenever the word ‘prostitution’ is coined all its negative connotations come into mind which is completely unjustifiable. Like the issue of morality which is presumably involved in it. Perhaps, this is not an issue at all because it seems to be an imposed perception when we analyze the morality in prostitution. In this paper we will see that prostitution is moral, matter of free will, good source of boosting the economy and hence should be legalized.

“The strongest argument against prostitution, no doubt, is its alleged immorality.  If this means no more than that most people think prostitution is immoral, that appears to be correct.  But if this is taken to mean prostitution actually is immoral, then an argument is required. Believing something doesn't make it true.  That the Sun revolves around the Earth, which is immovable, are examples of false beliefs that once were widely held”².

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There has been a lot of debate over the impact of media violence on children’s behavior since the advent of mass media. Researches and a lot of studies have been done to find the direct relationship between media violence and child aggressive behavior. Some of the studies have shown a positive relationship while other have shown no relation at all or very minute relation between media and child’s learning and behaving process. But deep insight on the issue makes it clear that those who favor non relation studies are either politically provoked or having unequivocal evidence. The evidence which proves positive relation between media and child aggressive behavior outweigh those which oppose it. In this essay we will briefly discuss about child psychology and it receptiveness to aggressive behavior while at the end we will review the consequences of media violence on children.

As mentioned, first of all we will briefly discuss child psychology in order to grasp the mechanism of child-mind-functioning.

“A young child is a human being who, unlike his elders, is still engaged in the fundamental process of developing the major portion of his mental capacity.  At least eighty percent of his intellectual aptitude (not his rote knowledge) is acquired during the first six years of his life.  During this critical period, his brain grows and develops in accordance with his exercise of his mind and the intellectual stimulation provided by his environment”¹(how children learn, 1962)

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